602 lines
22 KiB
OCaml
602 lines
22 KiB
OCaml
(**************************************************************************)
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(* *)
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(* OCaml *)
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(* *)
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(* Xavier Leroy, projet Cristal, INRIA Rocquencourt *)
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(* *)
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(* Copyright 1996 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et *)
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(* en Automatique. *)
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(* *)
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(* All rights reserved. This file is distributed under the terms of *)
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(* the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1, with the *)
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(* special exception on linking described in the file LICENSE. *)
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(* *)
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(**************************************************************************)
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(* TEZOS CHANGES
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* Import version 4.04.0
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* Remove [channel], [exit], ...
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* Remove polymorphic comparisons
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* Remove non IEEE754-standardized functions on floats
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* Remove deprecated functions
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*)
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(** The initially opened module.
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This module provides the basic operations over the built-in types
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(numbers, booleans, byte sequences, strings, exceptions, references,
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lists, arrays, input-output channels, ...).
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This module is automatically opened at the beginning of each compilation.
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All components of this module can therefore be referred by their short
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name, without prefixing them by [Pervasives].
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*)
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(** {6 Exceptions} *)
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external raise : exn -> 'a = "%raise"
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(** Raise the given exception value *)
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external raise_notrace : exn -> 'a = "%raise_notrace"
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(** A faster version [raise] which does not record the backtrace.
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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val invalid_arg : string -> 'a
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(** Raise exception [Invalid_argument] with the given string. *)
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val failwith : string -> 'a
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(** Raise exception [Failure] with the given string. *)
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exception Exit
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(** The [Exit] exception is not raised by any library function. It is
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provided for use in your programs. *)
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(** {6 Boolean operations} *)
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external not : bool -> bool = "%boolnot"
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(** The boolean negation. *)
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external ( && ) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequand"
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(** The boolean 'and'. Evaluation is sequential, left-to-right:
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in [e1 && e2], [e1] is evaluated first, and if it returns [false],
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[e2] is not evaluated at all. *)
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external ( || ) : bool -> bool -> bool = "%sequor"
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(** The boolean 'or'. Evaluation is sequential, left-to-right:
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in [e1 || e2], [e1] is evaluated first, and if it returns [true],
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[e2] is not evaluated at all. *)
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(** {6 Debugging} *)
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external __LOC__ : string = "%loc_LOC"
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(** [__LOC__] returns the location at which this expression appears in
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the file currently being parsed by the compiler, with the standard
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error format of OCaml: "File %S, line %d, characters %d-%d".
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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external __FILE__ : string = "%loc_FILE"
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(** [__FILE__] returns the name of the file currently being
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parsed by the compiler.
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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external __LINE__ : int = "%loc_LINE"
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(** [__LINE__] returns the line number at which this expression
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appears in the file currently being parsed by the compiler.
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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external __MODULE__ : string = "%loc_MODULE"
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(** [__MODULE__] returns the module name of the file being
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parsed by the compiler.
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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external __POS__ : string * int * int * int = "%loc_POS"
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(** [__POS__] returns a tuple [(file,lnum,cnum,enum)], corresponding
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to the location at which this expression appears in the file
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currently being parsed by the compiler. [file] is the current
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filename, [lnum] the line number, [cnum] the character position in
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the line and [enum] the last character position in the line.
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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external __LOC_OF__ : 'a -> string * 'a = "%loc_LOC"
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(** [__LOC_OF__ expr] returns a pair [(loc, expr)] where [loc] is the
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location of [expr] in the file currently being parsed by the
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compiler, with the standard error format of OCaml: "File %S, line
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%d, characters %d-%d".
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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external __LINE_OF__ : 'a -> int * 'a = "%loc_LINE"
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(** [__LINE__ expr] returns a pair [(line, expr)], where [line] is the
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line number at which the expression [expr] appears in the file
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currently being parsed by the compiler.
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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external __POS_OF__ : 'a -> (string * int * int * int) * 'a = "%loc_POS"
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(** [__POS_OF__ expr] returns a pair [(loc,expr)], where [loc] is a
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tuple [(file,lnum,cnum,enum)] corresponding to the location at
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which the expression [expr] appears in the file currently being
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parsed by the compiler. [file] is the current filename, [lnum] the
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line number, [cnum] the character position in the line and [enum]
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the last character position in the line.
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@since 4.02.0
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*)
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(** {6 Composition operators} *)
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external ( |> ) : 'a -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'b = "%revapply"
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(** Reverse-application operator: [x |> f |> g] is exactly equivalent
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to [g (f (x))].
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@since 4.01
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*)
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external ( @@ ) : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b = "%apply"
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(** Application operator: [g @@ f @@ x] is exactly equivalent to
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[g (f (x))].
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@since 4.01
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*)
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(** {6 Integer arithmetic} *)
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(** Integers are 31 bits wide (or 63 bits on 64-bit processors).
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All operations are taken modulo 2{^31} (or 2{^63}).
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They do not fail on overflow. *)
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external ( ~- ) : int -> int = "%negint"
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(** Unary negation. You can also write [- e] instead of [~- e]. *)
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external ( ~+ ) : int -> int = "%identity"
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(** Unary addition. You can also write [+ e] instead of [~+ e].
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@since 3.12.0
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*)
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external succ : int -> int = "%succint"
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(** [succ x] is [x + 1]. *)
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external pred : int -> int = "%predint"
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(** [pred x] is [x - 1]. *)
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external ( + ) : int -> int -> int = "%addint"
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(** Integer addition. *)
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external ( - ) : int -> int -> int = "%subint"
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(** Integer subtraction. *)
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external ( * ) : int -> int -> int = "%mulint"
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(** Integer multiplication. *)
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external ( / ) : int -> int -> int = "%divint"
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(** Integer division.
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Raise [Division_by_zero] if the second argument is 0.
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Integer division rounds the real quotient of its arguments towards zero.
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More precisely, if [x >= 0] and [y > 0], [x / y] is the greatest integer
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less than or equal to the real quotient of [x] by [y]. Moreover,
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[(- x) / y = x / (- y) = - (x / y)]. *)
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external ( mod ) : int -> int -> int = "%modint"
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(** Integer remainder. If [y] is not zero, the result
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of [x mod y] satisfies the following properties:
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[x = (x / y) * y + x mod y] and
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[abs(x mod y) <= abs(y) - 1].
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If [y = 0], [x mod y] raises [Division_by_zero].
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Note that [x mod y] is negative only if [x < 0].
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Raise [Division_by_zero] if [y] is zero. *)
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val abs : int -> int
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(** Return the absolute value of the argument. Note that this may be
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negative if the argument is [min_int]. *)
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val max_int : int
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(** The greatest representable integer. *)
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val min_int : int
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(** The smallest representable integer. *)
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(** {7 Bitwise operations} *)
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external ( land ) : int -> int -> int = "%andint"
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(** Bitwise logical and. *)
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external ( lor ) : int -> int -> int = "%orint"
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(** Bitwise logical or. *)
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external ( lxor ) : int -> int -> int = "%xorint"
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(** Bitwise logical exclusive or. *)
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val lnot : int -> int
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(** Bitwise logical negation. *)
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external ( lsl ) : int -> int -> int = "%lslint"
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(** [n lsl m] shifts [n] to the left by [m] bits.
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The result is unspecified if [m < 0] or [m >= bitsize],
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where [bitsize] is [32] on a 32-bit platform and
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[64] on a 64-bit platform. *)
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external ( lsr ) : int -> int -> int = "%lsrint"
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(** [n lsr m] shifts [n] to the right by [m] bits.
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This is a logical shift: zeroes are inserted regardless of
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the sign of [n].
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The result is unspecified if [m < 0] or [m >= bitsize]. *)
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external ( asr ) : int -> int -> int = "%asrint"
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(** [n asr m] shifts [n] to the right by [m] bits.
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This is an arithmetic shift: the sign bit of [n] is replicated.
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The result is unspecified if [m < 0] or [m >= bitsize]. *)
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(** {6 Floating-point arithmetic}
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OCaml's floating-point numbers follow the
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IEEE 754 standard, using double precision (64 bits) numbers.
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Floating-point operations never raise an exception on overflow,
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underflow, division by zero, etc. Instead, special IEEE numbers
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are returned as appropriate, such as [infinity] for [1.0 /. 0.0],
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[neg_infinity] for [-1.0 /. 0.0], and [nan] ('not a number')
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for [0.0 /. 0.0]. These special numbers then propagate through
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floating-point computations as expected: for instance,
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[1.0 /. infinity] is [0.0], and any arithmetic operation with [nan]
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as argument returns [nan] as result.
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*)
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external ( ~-. ) : float -> float = "%negfloat"
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(** Unary negation. You can also write [-. e] instead of [~-. e]. *)
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external ( ~+. ) : float -> float = "%identity"
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(** Unary addition. You can also write [+. e] instead of [~+. e].
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@since 3.12.0
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*)
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external ( +. ) : float -> float -> float = "%addfloat"
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(** Floating-point addition *)
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external ( -. ) : float -> float -> float = "%subfloat"
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(** Floating-point subtraction *)
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external ( *. ) : float -> float -> float = "%mulfloat"
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(** Floating-point multiplication *)
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external ( /. ) : float -> float -> float = "%divfloat"
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(** Floating-point division. *)
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external ceil : float -> float = "caml_ceil_float" "ceil"
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[@@unboxed] [@@noalloc]
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(** Round above to an integer value.
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[ceil f] returns the least integer value greater than or equal to [f].
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The result is returned as a float. *)
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external floor : float -> float = "caml_floor_float" "floor"
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[@@unboxed] [@@noalloc]
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(** Round below to an integer value.
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[floor f] returns the greatest integer value less than or
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equal to [f].
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The result is returned as a float. *)
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external abs_float : float -> float = "%absfloat"
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(** [abs_float f] returns the absolute value of [f]. *)
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external copysign : float -> float -> float
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= "caml_copysign_float" "caml_copysign"
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[@@unboxed] [@@noalloc]
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(** [copysign x y] returns a float whose absolute value is that of [x]
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and whose sign is that of [y]. If [x] is [nan], returns [nan].
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If [y] is [nan], returns either [x] or [-. x], but it is not
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specified which.
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@since 4.00.0 *)
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external mod_float : float -> float -> float = "caml_fmod_float" "fmod"
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[@@unboxed] [@@noalloc]
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(** [mod_float a b] returns the remainder of [a] with respect to
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[b]. The returned value is [a -. n *. b], where [n]
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is the quotient [a /. b] rounded towards zero to an integer. *)
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external frexp : float -> float * int = "caml_frexp_float"
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(** [frexp f] returns the pair of the significant
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and the exponent of [f]. When [f] is zero, the
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significant [x] and the exponent [n] of [f] are equal to
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zero. When [f] is non-zero, they are defined by
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[f = x *. 2 ** n] and [0.5 <= x < 1.0]. *)
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external ldexp : (float [@unboxed]) -> (int [@untagged]) -> (float [@unboxed]) =
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"caml_ldexp_float" "caml_ldexp_float_unboxed" [@@noalloc]
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(** [ldexp x n] returns [x *. 2 ** n]. *)
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external modf : float -> float * float = "caml_modf_float"
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(** [modf f] returns the pair of the fractional and integral
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part of [f]. *)
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external float : int -> float = "%floatofint"
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(** Same as {!Pervasives.float_of_int}. *)
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external float_of_int : int -> float = "%floatofint"
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(** Convert an integer to floating-point. *)
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external truncate : float -> int = "%intoffloat"
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(** Same as {!Pervasives.int_of_float}. *)
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external int_of_float : float -> int = "%intoffloat"
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(** Truncate the given floating-point number to an integer.
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The result is unspecified if the argument is [nan] or falls outside the
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range of representable integers. *)
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val infinity : float
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(** Positive infinity. *)
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val neg_infinity : float
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(** Negative infinity. *)
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val nan : float
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(** A special floating-point value denoting the result of an
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undefined operation such as [0.0 /. 0.0]. Stands for
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'not a number'. Any floating-point operation with [nan] as
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argument returns [nan] as result. As for floating-point comparisons,
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[=], [<], [<=], [>] and [>=] return [false] and [<>] returns [true]
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if one or both of their arguments is [nan]. *)
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val max_float : float
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(** The largest positive finite value of type [float]. *)
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val min_float : float
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(** The smallest positive, non-zero, non-denormalized value of type [float]. *)
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val epsilon_float : float
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(** The difference between [1.0] and the smallest exactly representable
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floating-point number greater than [1.0]. *)
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type fpclass =
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FP_normal (** Normal number, none of the below *)
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| FP_subnormal (** Number very close to 0.0, has reduced precision *)
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| FP_zero (** Number is 0.0 or -0.0 *)
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| FP_infinite (** Number is positive or negative infinity *)
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| FP_nan (** Not a number: result of an undefined operation *)
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(** The five classes of floating-point numbers, as determined by
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the {!Pervasives.classify_float} function. *)
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external classify_float : (float [@unboxed]) -> fpclass =
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"caml_classify_float" "caml_classify_float_unboxed" [@@noalloc]
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(** Return the class of the given floating-point number:
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normal, subnormal, zero, infinite, or not a number. *)
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(** {6 String operations}
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More string operations are provided in module {!String}.
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*)
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val ( ^ ) : string -> string -> string
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(** String concatenation. *)
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(** {6 Character operations}
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More character operations are provided in module {!Char}.
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*)
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external int_of_char : char -> int = "%identity"
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(** Return the ASCII code of the argument. *)
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val char_of_int : int -> char
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(** Return the character with the given ASCII code.
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Raise [Invalid_argument "char_of_int"] if the argument is
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outside the range 0--255. *)
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(** {6 Unit operations} *)
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external ignore : 'a -> unit = "%ignore"
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(** Discard the value of its argument and return [()].
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For instance, [ignore(f x)] discards the result of
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the side-effecting function [f]. It is equivalent to
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[f x; ()], except that the latter may generate a
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compiler warning; writing [ignore(f x)] instead
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avoids the warning. *)
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(** {6 String conversion functions} *)
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val string_of_bool : bool -> string
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(** Return the string representation of a boolean. As the returned values
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may be shared, the user should not modify them directly.
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*)
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val bool_of_string : string -> bool
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(** Convert the given string to a boolean.
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Raise [Invalid_argument "bool_of_string"] if the string is not
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["true"] or ["false"]. *)
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val string_of_int : int -> string
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(** Return the string representation of an integer, in decimal. *)
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external int_of_string : string -> int = "caml_int_of_string"
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(** Convert the given string to an integer.
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The string is read in decimal (by default), in hexadecimal (if it
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begins with [0x] or [0X]), in octal (if it begins with [0o] or [0O]),
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or in binary (if it begins with [0b] or [0B]).
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The [_] (underscore) character can appear anywhere in the string
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and is ignored.
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Raise [Failure "int_of_string"] if the given string is not
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a valid representation of an integer, or if the integer represented
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exceeds the range of integers representable in type [int]. *)
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val string_of_float : float -> string
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(** Return the string representation of a floating-point number. *)
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external float_of_string : string -> float = "caml_float_of_string"
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(** Convert the given string to a float. The string is read in decimal
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(by default) or in hexadecimal (marked by [0x] or [0X]).
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The format of decimal floating-point numbers is
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[ [-] dd.ddd (e|E) [+|-] dd ], where [d] stands for a decimal digit.
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The format of hexadecimal floating-point numbers is
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[ [-] 0(x|X) hh.hhh (p|P) [+|-] dd ], where [h] stands for an
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hexadecimal digit and [d] for a decimal digit.
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In both cases, at least one of the integer and fractional parts must be
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given; the exponent part is optional.
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The [_] (underscore) character can appear anywhere in the string
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and is ignored.
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Depending on the execution platforms, other representations of
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floating-point numbers can be accepted, but should not be relied upon.
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Raise [Failure "float_of_string"] if the given string is not a valid
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representation of a float. *)
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(** {6 Pair operations} *)
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external fst : 'a * 'b -> 'a = "%field0"
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(** Return the first component of a pair. *)
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external snd : 'a * 'b -> 'b = "%field1"
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(** Return the second component of a pair. *)
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(** {6 List operations}
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More list operations are provided in module {!List}.
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*)
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val ( @ ) : 'a list -> 'a list -> 'a list
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(** List concatenation. Not tail-recursive (length of the first argument). *)
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(** {6 References} *)
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type 'a ref = { mutable contents : 'a }
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(** The type of references (mutable indirection cells) containing
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a value of type ['a]. *)
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external ref : 'a -> 'a ref = "%makemutable"
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(** Return a fresh reference containing the given value. *)
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external ( ! ) : 'a ref -> 'a = "%field0"
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(** [!r] returns the current contents of reference [r].
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Equivalent to [fun r -> r.contents]. *)
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external ( := ) : 'a ref -> 'a -> unit = "%setfield0"
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(** [r := a] stores the value of [a] in reference [r].
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Equivalent to [fun r v -> r.contents <- v]. *)
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|
|
|
external incr : int ref -> unit = "%incr"
|
|
(** Increment the integer contained in the given reference.
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r := succ !r]. *)
|
|
|
|
external decr : int ref -> unit = "%decr"
|
|
(** Decrement the integer contained in the given reference.
|
|
Equivalent to [fun r -> r := pred !r]. *)
|
|
|
|
(** {6 Result type} *)
|
|
|
|
type ('a,'b) result = Ok of 'a | Error of 'b
|
|
|
|
(** {6 Operations on format strings} *)
|
|
|
|
(** Format strings are character strings with special lexical conventions
|
|
that defines the functionality of formatted input/output functions. Format
|
|
strings are used to read data with formatted input functions from module
|
|
{!Scanf} and to print data with formatted output functions from modules
|
|
{!Printf} and {!Format}.
|
|
|
|
Format strings are made of three kinds of entities:
|
|
- {e conversions specifications}, introduced by the special character ['%']
|
|
followed by one or more characters specifying what kind of argument to
|
|
read or print,
|
|
- {e formatting indications}, introduced by the special character ['@']
|
|
followed by one or more characters specifying how to read or print the
|
|
argument,
|
|
- {e plain characters} that are regular characters with usual lexical
|
|
conventions. Plain characters specify string literals to be read in the
|
|
input or printed in the output.
|
|
|
|
There is an additional lexical rule to escape the special characters ['%']
|
|
and ['@'] in format strings: if a special character follows a ['%']
|
|
character, it is treated as a plain character. In other words, ["%%"] is
|
|
considered as a plain ['%'] and ["%@"] as a plain ['@'].
|
|
|
|
For more information about conversion specifications and formatting
|
|
indications available, read the documentation of modules {!Scanf},
|
|
{!Printf} and {!Format}.
|
|
*)
|
|
|
|
(** Format strings have a general and highly polymorphic type
|
|
[('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'e, 'f) format6].
|
|
The two simplified types, [format] and [format4] below are
|
|
included for backward compatibility with earlier releases of
|
|
OCaml.
|
|
|
|
The meaning of format string type parameters is as follows:
|
|
|
|
- ['a] is the type of the parameters of the format for formatted output
|
|
functions ([printf]-style functions);
|
|
['a] is the type of the values read by the format for formatted input
|
|
functions ([scanf]-style functions).
|
|
|
|
- ['b] is the type of input source for formatted input functions and the
|
|
type of output target for formatted output functions.
|
|
For [printf]-style functions from module [Printf], ['b] is typically
|
|
[out_channel];
|
|
for [printf]-style functions from module [Format], ['b] is typically
|
|
[Format.formatter];
|
|
for [scanf]-style functions from module [Scanf], ['b] is typically
|
|
[Scanf.Scanning.in_channel].
|
|
|
|
Type argument ['b] is also the type of the first argument given to
|
|
user's defined printing functions for [%a] and [%t] conversions,
|
|
and user's defined reading functions for [%r] conversion.
|
|
|
|
- ['c] is the type of the result of the [%a] and [%t] printing
|
|
functions, and also the type of the argument transmitted to the
|
|
first argument of [kprintf]-style functions or to the
|
|
[kscanf]-style functions.
|
|
|
|
- ['d] is the type of parameters for the [scanf]-style functions.
|
|
|
|
- ['e] is the type of the receiver function for the [scanf]-style functions.
|
|
|
|
- ['f] is the final result type of a formatted input/output function
|
|
invocation: for the [printf]-style functions, it is typically [unit];
|
|
for the [scanf]-style functions, it is typically the result type of the
|
|
receiver function.
|
|
*)
|
|
|
|
type ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'e, 'f) format6 =
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'e, 'f) CamlinternalFormatBasics.format6
|
|
|
|
type ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) format4 = ('a, 'b, 'c, 'c, 'c, 'd) format6
|
|
|
|
type ('a, 'b, 'c) format = ('a, 'b, 'c, 'c) format4
|
|
|
|
val string_of_format : ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'e, 'f) format6 -> string
|
|
(** Converts a format string into a string. *)
|
|
|
|
external format_of_string :
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'e, 'f) format6 ->
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'e, 'f) format6 = "%identity"
|
|
(** [format_of_string s] returns a format string read from the string
|
|
literal [s].
|
|
Note: [format_of_string] can not convert a string argument that is not a
|
|
literal. If you need this functionality, use the more general
|
|
{!Scanf.format_from_string} function.
|
|
*)
|
|
|
|
val ( ^^ ) :
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'e, 'f) format6 ->
|
|
('f, 'b, 'c, 'e, 'g, 'h) format6 ->
|
|
('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'g, 'h) format6
|
|
(** [f1 ^^ f2] catenates format strings [f1] and [f2]. The result is a
|
|
format string that behaves as the concatenation of format strings [f1] and
|
|
[f2]: in case of formatted output, it accepts arguments from [f1], then
|
|
arguments from [f2]; in case of formatted input, it returns results from
|
|
[f1], then results from [f2].
|
|
*)
|
|
|