---
id: cheat-sheet
title: Cheat Sheet
---
import Syntax from '@theme/Syntax';
<div className="cheatsheet">
<Syntax syntax="pascaligo">
<div className="codeTable">
<div className="primitive">Strings</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const name: string = "Tezos";
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Characters
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const t: string = "t";
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Integers
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const i: int = 42;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Natural numbers
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const n: nat = 7n;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Unit
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const u: unit = unit;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Boolean
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const hasDriversLicense: bool = False;
const adult: bool = True;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Boolean Logic
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const booleanLogic: bool =
(not True) =
False =
(False and True) =
(False or False);
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Mutez (micro tez)
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const tez: tez = 42tez;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Address
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const tz1address: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address);
const kt1address: address =
("KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD": address);
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Addition
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const add_int: int = 3 + 4;
const add_nat: nat = 3n + 4n;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Multiplication & Division
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const mul_int: int = 3 + 4;
const mul_nat: nat = 3n + 4n;
const div_int: int = 10 / 5;
const div_nat: nat = 10n / 5n;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Modulo
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const mod_nat: nat = 10 mod 3;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Tuples
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
type name is (string * string);
const winner: name = ("John", "Doe");
const firstName: string = winner.0;
const lastName: string = winner.1;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Types
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
type age is int;
type name is string
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Includes
</div>
<div className="example">
```#include "library.ligo"```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Functions (short form)
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is
a + b
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Functions (long form)
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is
block {
const result: int = a + b;
} with result
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
If Statement
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
function if_statement (const age : int) : int is
block {
var id: int := -1;
if age < 16 then {
failwith ("Too young to drive");
} else {
id := 1;
}
} with id
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Options
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
type middleName is option(string);
const middleName : middleName = Some("Foo");
const middleName : middleName = None;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Assignment
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const age: int = 5;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Assignment on an existing variable
</div>
<div className="example">
:::caution
This feature is not supported at the top-level scope, you can use it e.g. within functions. Works for Records and Maps as well.
:::
```pascaligo
function assignment_existing (const age : int) : int is
block {
var x : int := 2;
x := 3;
} with x
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Type Annotations
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
const someAddress: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address);
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variants
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo group=variants
type action is
| Increment of int
| Decrement of int;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variant *(pattern)* matching
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo group=variants
function main
(const action : action; const input : int) : int is
(case action of
Increment (n) -> input + 1
| Decrement (n) -> input - 1
end)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Records
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
type person is record
age: int;
name: string;
end
const john : person = record
age = 18;
name = "john doe";
end
const name: string = john.name;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Maps
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
type prices is map(nat, tez);
const prices: prices = map
10n -> 60mutez;
50n -> 30mutez;
100n -> 10mutez;
end
const price: option(tez) = prices[50n];
function mutate (const u: unit) : unit is block {
prices[200n] := 10mutez;
} with unit;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Contracts & Accounts
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo group=tezos_specific
const destinationAddress: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address);
const contract : contract (unit) = (
case (Tezos.get_contract_opt (Tezos.sender) : option(contract(unit))) of
Some (contract) -> contract
| None ->
(failwith ("No contract.")
: contract (unit))
end);
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Transactions
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo group=tezos_specific
const payment: operation =
Tezos.transaction(unit, 100mutez, contract);
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Exception/Failure
</div>
<div className="example">
```pascaligo
function fail (const u: unit) : unit is
failwith("a failure message")
```
</div>
</div>
</Syntax>
<Syntax syntax="cameligo">
<div className="codeTable">
<div className="primitive">Strings</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let name: string = "Tezos"
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Characters
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let t: string = "t"
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Integers
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let i: int = 42
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Natural numbers
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let n: nat = 7n
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Unit
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let u: unit = unit
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Boolean
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let has_drivers_license: bool = false
let adult: bool = true
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Boolean Logic
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let booleanLogic: bool =
(not true) =
false =
(false && true) =
(false || false)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Mutez (micro tez)
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let tez: tez = 42tez
let tez: tez = 7mutez
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Address
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let tz1address: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)
let kt1address: address =
("KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD": address)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Addition
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let add_int: int = 3 + 4
let add_nat: nat = 3n + 4n
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Multiplication & Division
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let mul_int: int = 3 + 4
let mul_nat: nat = 3n + 4n
let div_int: int = 10 / 5
let div_nat: nat = 10n / 5n
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Modulo
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let mod_nat: nat = 10 mod 3
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Tuples
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
type name = (string * string)
let winner: name = "John", "Doe"
let firstName: string = winner.0
let lastName: string = winner.1
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Types
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
type age = int
type name = string
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Includes
</div>
<div className="example">
```#include "library.mligo"```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Functions
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let add (a : int) (b : int) : int =
a + b
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
If Statement
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let if_statement (age : int) : int =
if age < 16 then
(failwith ("Too young to drive"): int)
else
1
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Options
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
type middle_name = string option
let middle_name : middle_name = Some "Foo"
let middle_name : middle_name = None
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variable Binding
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let age: int = 5
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Type Annotations
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let someAddress: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variants
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo group=variants
type action =
| Increment of int
| Decrement of int
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variant *(pattern)* matching
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo group=variants
let a: action = Increment 5
let result: int = match a with
| Increment n -> n + 1
| Decrement n -> n - 1
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Records
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
type person = {
age: int;
name: string;
}
let john : person = {
age = 18;
name = "john doe";
}
let name: string = john.name
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Maps
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
type prices = (nat, tez) map
let prices: prices = Map.literal [
(10n, 60mutez);
(50n, 30mutez);
(100n, 10mutez);
]
let price: tez option = Map.find_opt 50n prices
let prices : prices = Map.update 200n (Some 5mutez) prices
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Contracts & Accounts
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo group=tezos_specific
let destinationAddress: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)
let contract : unit contract =
match (Tezos.get_contract_opt Tezos.sender : unit contract option) with
Some contract -> contract
| None -> (failwith "no contract" : unit contract)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Transactions
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo group=tezos_specific
let payment: operation =
Tezos.transaction unit 100mutez contract
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Exception/Failure
</div>
<div className="example">
```cameligo
let fail (u: unit) : unit =
failwith "a failure message"
```
</div>
</div>
</Syntax>
<Syntax syntax="reasonligo">
<div className="codeTable">
<div className="primitive">Strings</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let name: string = "Tezos"
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Characters
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let t: string = "t"
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Integers
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let i: int = 42
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Natural numbers
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let n: nat = 7n
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Unit
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let u: unit = unit
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Boolean
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let has_drivers_license: bool = false
let adult: bool = true
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Boolean Logic
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let booleanLogic: bool =
(!true) ==
false ==
(false && true) ==
(false || false)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Mutez (micro tez)
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let tez: tez = 42tez
let tez: tez = 7mutez
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Address
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let tz1address: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)
let kt1address: address =
("KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD": address)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Addition
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let add_int: int = 3 + 4
let add_nat: nat = 3n + 4n
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Multiplication & Division
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let mul_int: int = 3 + 4
let mul_nat: nat = 3n + 4n
let div_int: int = 10 / 5
let div_nat: nat = 10n / 5n
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Modulo
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let mod_nat: nat = 10 mod 3
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Tuples
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
type name = (string, string)
let winner: name = ("John", "Doe")
let firstName: string = winner[0]
let lastName: string = winner[1]
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Types
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
type age = int
type name = string
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Includes
</div>
<div className="example">
```#include "library.religo"```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Functions (short form)
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let add = (a: int, b: int): int =>
a + b
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Functions (long form)
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let add = (a: int, b: int): int => {
let c = a;
let d = b;
c + d
};
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
If Statement
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let if_statement = (age : int) : int =>
if (age < 16) {
(failwith ("Too young to drive"): int)
} else {
1
}
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Options
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
type middle_name = option(string);
let middle_name : middle_name = Some ("Foo");
let middle_name : middle_name = None;
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variable Binding
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let age: int = 5
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Type Annotations
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let someAddress: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variants
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo group=variants
type action =
| Increment (int)
| Decrement (int)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Variant *(pattern)* matching
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo group=variants
let a: action = Increment(5)
let result: int = switch (a) {
| Increment(n) => n + 1
| Decrement(n) => n - 1
}
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Records
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
type person = {
age: int,
name: string
}
let john : person = {
age: 18,
name: "john doe"
}
let name: string = john.name
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Maps
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
type prices = map (nat, tez)
let prices: prices = Map.literal ([
(10n, 60mutez),
(50n, 30mutez),
(100n, 10mutez),
])
let price: option(tez) = Map.find_opt(50n, prices)
let prices : prices = Map.update(200n, (Some 5mutez), prices)
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Contracts & Accounts
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo group=tezos_specific
let destinationAddress: address =
("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)
let contract : contract(unit) =
switch (Tezos.get_contract_opt(Tezos.sender) : option(contract(unit))) {
| Some(contract) => contract
| None => (failwith("no contract") : contract(unit))
}
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Transactions
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo group=tezos_specific
let payment: operation =
Tezos.transaction(unit, 100mutez, contract);
```
</div>
<div className="primitive">
Exception/Failure
</div>
<div className="example">
```reasonligo
let fail = (u: unit) : unit =>
failwith("a failure message")
```
</div>
</div>
</Syntax>
</div>