--- id: cheat-sheet title: Cheat Sheet --- <div class="cheatsheet"> <!--DOCUSAURUS_CODE_TABS--> <!--PascaLIGO--> |Primitive |Example| |--- |---| |Strings | `"Tezos"`| |Characters | `"t"`| |Integers | `42`, `7`| |Natural numbers | `42n`, `7n`| |Unit| `unit`| |Boolean|<pre><code>const hasDriversLicense: bool = False;<br/>const adult: bool = True;</code></pre> | |Boolean Logic|<pre><code>(not True) == False == (False and True) == (False or False)</code></pre>| |Mutez (micro tez)| `42mutez`, `7mutez` | |Address | `"tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx"`, `"KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD"`| |Addition |`3 + 4`, `3n + 4n`| |Multiplication & Division| `3 * 4`, `3n * 4n`, `10 / 5`, `10n / 5n`| |Modulo| `10 mod 3`| |Tuples| <pre><code>type name is (string * string);<br/>const winner: name = ("John", "Doe");<br/>const firstName: string = winner.0;<br/>const lastName: string = winner.1;</code></pre>| |Types|`type age is int`, `type name is string` | |Includes|```#include "library.ligo"```| |Functions (short form)|<pre><code>function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is<br/> block { skip } with a + b</code></pre>| |Functions (long form)|<pre><code>function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is<br/> block { <br/> const result: int = a + b;<br/> } with result</code></pre>| | If Statement | <pre><code>if age < 16 <br/>then fail("Too young to drive."); <br/>else const new_id: int = prev_id + 1;</code></pre>| |Options|<pre><code>type middleName is option(string);<br/>const middleName : middleName = Some("Foo");<br/>const middleName : middleName = None;</code></pre>| |Assignment| ```const age: int = 5;```| |Assignment on an existing variable <br/></br>*⚠️ This feature is not supported at the top-level scope, you can use it e.g. within functions. Works for Records and Maps as well.*| ```age := 18;```, ```p.age := 21``` | |Type Annotations| ```("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx" : address)```| |Variants|<pre><code>type action is<br/>| Increment of int<br/>| Decrement of int</code></pre>| |Variant *(pattern)* matching|<pre><code>const a: action = Increment(5);<br/>case a of<br/>| Increment(n) -> n + 1<br/>| Decrement(n) -> n - 1<br/>end</code></pre>| |Records|<pre><code>type person is record<br/> age: int ;<br/> name: string ;<br/>end<br/><br/>const john : person = record<br/> age = 18;<br/> name = "John Doe";<br/>end<br/><br/>const name: string = john.name;</code></pre>| |Maps|<pre><code>type prices is map(nat, tez);<br/><br/>const prices : prices = map<br/> 10n -> 60mutez;<br/> 50n -> 30mutez;<br/> 100n -> 10mutez;<br/>end<br/><br/>const price: option(tez) = prices[50n];<br/><br/>prices[200n] := 5mutez;</code></pre>| |Contracts & Accounts|<pre><code>const destinationAddress : address = "tz1...";<br/>const contract : contract(unit) = get_contract(destinationAddress);</code></pre>| |Transactions|<pre><code>const payment : operation = transaction(unit, amount, receiver);</code></pre>| |Exception/Failure|`failwith("Your descriptive error message for the user goes here.")`| <!--END_DOCUSAURUS_CODE_TABS--> </div>