---
id: cheat-sheet
title: Cheat Sheet
---
import Syntax from '@theme/Syntax';
<div className="cheatsheet">
<!--
Note that this table is not compiled before production and currently needs to be managed manually.
-->
<Syntax syntax="pascaligo">
|Primitive |Example|
|--- |---|
|Strings | `"Tezos"`|
|Characters | `"t"`|
|Integers | `42`, `7`|
|Natural numbers | `42n`, `7n`|
|Unit| `unit`|
|Boolean|<pre><code>const hasDriversLicense: bool = False;<br/>const adult: bool = True;</code></pre> |
|Boolean Logic|<pre><code>(not True) == False == (False and True) == (False or False)</code></pre>|
|Mutez (micro tez)| `42mutez`, `7mutez` |
|Address | `"tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx"`, `"KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD"`|
|Addition |`3 + 4`, `3n + 4n`|
|Multiplication & Division| `3 * 4`, `3n * 4n`, `10 / 5`, `10n / 5n`|
|Modulo| `10 mod 3`|
|Tuples| <pre><code>type name is (string * string);<br/>const winner: name = ("John", "Doe");<br/>const firstName: string = winner.0;<br/>const lastName: string = winner.1;</code></pre>|
|Types|`type age is int`, `type name is string` |
|Includes|```#include "library.ligo"```|
|Functions (short form)|<pre><code>function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is<br/> block { skip } with a + b</code></pre>|
|Functions (long form)|<pre><code>function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is<br/> block { <br/> const result: int = a + b;<br/> } with result</code></pre>|
| If Statement | <pre><code>if age < 16 <br/>then failwith ("Too young to drive."); <br/>else const new_id: int = prev_id + 1;</code></pre>|
|Options|<pre><code>type middleName is option(string);<br/>const middleName : middleName = Some("Foo");<br/>const middleName : middleName = None;</code></pre>|
|Assignment| ```const age: int = 5;```|
|Assignment on an existing variable <br/>*⚠️ This feature is not supported at the top-level scope, you can use it e.g. within functions. Works for Records and Maps as well.*| ```age := 18;```, ```p.age := 21``` |
|Type Annotations| ```("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx" : address)```|
|Variants|<pre><code>type action is<br/>| Increment of int<br/>| Decrement of int</code></pre>|
|Variant *(pattern)* matching|<pre><code>const a: action = Increment(5);<br/>case a of<br/>| Increment(n) -> n + 1<br/>| Decrement(n) -> n - 1<br/>end</code></pre>|
|Records|<pre><code>type person is record<br/> age: int ;<br/> name: string ;<br/>end<br/><br/>const john : person = record<br/> age = 18;<br/> name = "John Doe";<br/>end<br/><br/>const name: string = john.name;</code></pre>|
|Maps|<pre><code>type prices is map(nat, tez);<br/><br/>const prices : prices = map<br/> 10n -> 60mutez;<br/> 50n -> 30mutez;<br/> 100n -> 10mutez;<br/>end<br/><br/>const price: option(tez) = prices[50n];<br/><br/>prices[200n] := 5mutez;</code></pre>|
|Contracts & Accounts|<pre><code>const destinationAddress : address = "tz1...";<br/>const contract : contract(unit) = get_contract(destinationAddress);</code></pre>|
|Transactions|<pre><code>const payment : operation = transaction(unit, amount, receiver);</code></pre>|
|Exception/Failure|`failwith ("Your descriptive error message for the user goes here.")`|
</Syntax>
<Syntax syntax="cameligo">
|Primitive |Example|
|--- |---|
|Strings | `"Tezos"`|
|Characters | `"t"`|
|Integers | `42`, `7`|
|Natural numbers | `42n`, `7n`|
|Unit| `unit`|
|Boolean|<pre><code>let has_drivers_license: bool = false<br/>let adult: bool = true</code></pre> |
|Boolean Logic|<pre><code>(not true) = false = (false && true) = (false || false)</code></pre>|
|Mutez (micro tez)| `42mutez`, `7mutez` |
|Address | `("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)`, `("KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD": address)`|
|Addition |`3 + 4`, `3n + 4n`|
|Multiplication & Division| `3 * 4`, `3n * 4n`, `10 / 5`, `10n / 5n`|
|Modulo| `10 mod 3`|
|Tuples| <pre><code>type name = (string * string)<br/>let winner: name = "John", "Doe"<br/>let first_name: string = winner.0<br/>let last_name: string = winner.1</code></pre>|
|Types|`type age = int`, `type name = string` |
|Includes|```#include "library.mligo"```|
|Functions |<pre><code>let add (a : int) (b : int) : int = a + b </code></pre>|
| If Statement | <pre><code>let new_id: int = if age < 16 <br/> then failwith ("Too young to drive.") <br/> else prev_id + 1</code></pre>|
|Options|<pre><code>type middle_name = string option<br/>let middle_name : middle_name = Some "Foo"<br/>let middle_name : middle_name = None</code></pre>|
|Variable Binding | ```let age: int = 5```|
|Type Annotations| ```("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx" : address)```|
|Variants|<pre><code>type action =<br/>| Increment of int<br/>| Decrement of int</code></pre>|
|Variant *(pattern)* matching|<pre><code>let a: action = Increment 5<br/>match a with<br/>| Increment n -> n + 1<br/>| Decrement n -> n - 1<br/></code></pre>|
|Records|<pre><code>type person = {<br/> age: int ;<br/> name: string ;<br/>}<br/><br/>let john : person = {<br/> age = 18;<br/> name = "John Doe";<br/>}<br/><br/>let name: string = john.name</code></pre>|
|Maps|<pre><code>type prices = (nat, tez) map<br/><br/>let prices : prices = Map.literal [<br/> (10n, 60mutez);<br/> (50n, 30mutez);<br/> (100n, 10mutez)<br/>]<br/><br/>let price: tez option = Map.find_opt 50n prices<br/><br/>let prices: prices = Map.update 200n (Some 5mutez) prices</code></pre>|
|Contracts & Accounts|<pre><code>let destination_address : address = "tz1..."<br/>let contract : unit contract = <br/> Tezos.get_contract destination_address</code></pre>|
|Transactions|<pre><code>let payment : operation = <br/> Tezos.transaction unit amount receiver</code></pre>|
|Exception/Failure|`failwith ("Your descriptive error message for the user goes here.")`|
</Syntax>
<Syntax syntax="reasonligo">
|Primitive |Example|
|--- |---|
|Strings | `"Tezos"`|
|Characters | `"t"`|
|Integers | `42`, `7`|
|Natural numbers | `42n`, `7n`|
|Unit| `unit`|
|Boolean|<pre><code>let has_drivers_license: bool = false;<br/>let adult: bool = true;</code></pre> |
|Boolean Logic|<pre><code>(not true) = false = (false && true) = (false || false)</code></pre>|
|Mutez (micro tez)| `42mutez`, `7mutez` |
|Address | `("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)`, `("KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD": address)`|
|Addition |`3 + 4`, `3n + 4n`|
|Multiplication & Division| `3 * 4`, `3n * 4n`, `10 / 5`, `10n / 5n`|
|Modulo| `10 mod 3`|
|Tuples| <pre><code>type name = (string, string);<br/>let winner: name = ("John", "Doe");<br/>let first_name: string = winner[0];<br/>let last_name: string = winner[1];</code></pre>|
|Types|`type age = int;`, `type name = string;` |
|Includes|```#include "library.mligo"```|
|Functions |<pre><code>let add = (a: int, b: int) : int => a + b; </code></pre>|
| If Statement | <pre><code>let new_id: int = if (age < 16) {<br/> failwith ("Too young to drive."); <br/> } else { prev_id + 1; }</code></pre>|
|Options|<pre><code>type middle_name = option(string);<br/>let middle_name : middle_name = Some("Foo");<br/>let middle_name : middle_name = None;</code></pre>|
|Variable Binding | ```let age: int = 5;```|
|Type Annotations| ```("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx" : address)```|
|Variants|<pre><code>type action =<br/>| Increment(int)<br/>| Decrement(int);</code></pre>|
|Variant *(pattern)* matching|<pre><code>let a: action = Increment(5);<br/>switch(a) {<br/>| Increment(n) => n + 1<br/>| Decrement(n) => n - 1;<br/> } <br/></code></pre>|
|Records|<pre><code>type person = {<br/> age: int,<br/> name: string<br/>}<br/><br/>let john : person = {<br/> age: 18,<br/> name: "John Doe"<br/>};<br/><br/>let name: string = john.name;</code></pre>|
|Maps|<pre><code>type prices = map(nat, tez);<br/><br/>let prices : prices = Map.literal([<br/> (10n, 60mutez),<br/> (50n, 30mutez),<br/> (100n, 10mutez)<br/>]);<br/><br/>let price: option(tez) = Map.find_opt(50n, prices);<br/><br/>let prices: prices = Map.update(200n, Some (5mutez), prices);</code></pre>|
|Contracts & Accounts|<pre><code>let destination_address : address = "tz1...";<br/>let contract : contract(unit) = <br/> Tezos.get_contract(destination_address);</code></pre>|
|Transactions|<pre><code>let payment : operation = <br/> Tezos.transaction (unit, amount, receiver);</code></pre>|
|Exception/Failure|`failwith ("Your descriptive error message for the user goes here.");`|
</Syntax>
</div>