--- id: math-numbers-tez title: Math, Numbers & Tez --- LIGO offers three built-in numerical types: `int`, `nat` and `tez`. ## Addition Addition in ligo is acomplished by using the `+` operator. Some type constraints apply; for example you can't add `tez + nat`. In the following example you can find a series of arithmetic operations, including various numerical types. However, some bits of the example won't compile because adding an `int` to a `nat` produces an `int`, not a `nat`. Similiar rules apply for `tez`: ```pascaligo // int + int produces int const a: int = 5 + 10; // nat + int produces int const b: int = 5n + 10; // tez + tez produces tez const c: tez = 5mutez + 10mutez; // you can't add tez + int or tez + nat, this won't compile // const d: tez = 5mutez + 10n; // two nats produce a nat const e: nat = 5n + 10n; // nat + int produces an int, this won't compile // const f: nat = 5n + 10; const g: int = 1_000_000; ``` > Pro tip: you can use underscores for readability when defining large numbers > >```pascaligo >const g: int = 1_000_000; >``` ```cameligo // int + int produces int let a: int = 5 + 10 // nat + int produces int let b: int = 5n + 10 // tez + tez produces tez let c: tez = 5mutez + 10mutez // you can't add tez + int or tez + nat, this won't compile // const d: tez = 5mutez + 10n // two nats produce a nat let e: nat = 5n + 10n // nat + int produces an int, this won't compile // const f: nat = 5n + 10 let g: int = 1_000_000 ``` > Pro tip: you can use underscores for readability when defining large numbers > >```cameligo >let g: int = 1_000_000; >``` ```reasonligo // int + int produces int let a: int = 5 + 10; // nat + int produces int let b: int = 5n + 10; // tez + tez produces tez let c: tez = 5mutez + 10mutez; // you can't add tez + int or tez + nat, this won't compile // let d: tez = 5mutez + 10n; let e: nat = 5n + 10n; // nat + int produces an int, this won't compile // let f: nat = 5n + 10; let g: int = 1_000_000; ``` > Pro tip: you can use underscores for readability when defining large numbers > >```reasonligo >let g: int = 1_000_000; >``` ## Subtraction The simpliest substraction looks like this: > ⚠️ Even when subtracting two `nats`, the result is an `int` ```pascaligo const a: int = 5 - 10; // substraction of two nats, yields an int const b: int = 5n - 2n; // won't compile, result is an int, not a nat // const c: nat = 5n - 2n; const d: tez = 5mutez - 1mt; ``` ```cameligo let a: int = 5 - 10 // substraction of two nats, yields an int let b: int = 5n - 2n // won't compile, result is an int, not a nat // const c: nat = 5n - 2n let d: tez = 5mutez - 1mt ``` ```reasonligo let a: int = 5 - 10; // substraction of two nats, yields an int let b: int = 5n - 2n; // won't compile, result is an int, not a nat // let c: nat = 5n - 2n; let d: tez = 5mutez - 1mt; ``` ## Multiplication You can multiply values of the same type, such as: ```pascaligo const a: int = 5 * 5; const b: nat = 5n * 5n; // you can also multiply `nat` and `tez` const c: tez = 5n * 5mutez; ``` ```cameligo let a: int = 5 * 5 let b: nat = 5n * 5n // you can also multiply `nat` and `tez` let c: tez = 5n * 5mutez ``` ```reasonligo let a: int = 5 * 5; let b: nat = 5n * 5n; // you can also multiply `nat` and `tez` let c: tez = 5n * 5mutez; ``` ## Division In LIGO you can divide `int`, `nat`, and `tez`. Here's how: > ⚠️ Division of two `tez` values results into a `nat` ```pascaligo const a: int = 10 / 3; const b: nat = 10n / 3n; const c: nat = 10mutez / 3mutez; ``` ```cameligo let a: int = 10 / 3 let b: nat = 10n / 3n let c: nat = 10mutez / 3mutez ``` ```reasonligo let a: int = 10 / 3; let b: nat = 10n / 3n; let c: nat = 10mutez / 3mutez; ``` ## From `int` to `nat` and back You can *cast* an `int` to a `nat` and vice versa, here's how: ```pascaligo const a: int = int(1n); const b: nat = abs(1); ```