--- id: cheat-sheet title: Cheat Sheet ---
|Primitive |Example| |--- |---| |Strings | `"Tezos"`| |Characters | `"t"`| |Integers | `42`, `7`| |Natural numbers | `42n`, `7n`| |Unit| `unit`| |Boolean|
const hasDriversLicense: bool = False;
const adult: bool = True;
| |Boolean Logic|
(not True) == False == (False and True) == (False or False)
| |Mutez (micro tez)| `42mutez`, `7mutez` | |Address | `"tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx"`, `"KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD"`| |Addition |`3 + 4`, `3n + 4n`| |Multiplication & Division| `3 * 4`, `3n * 4n`, `10 / 5`, `10n / 5n`| |Modulo| `10 mod 3`| |Tuples| 
type name is (string * string);
const winner: name = ("John", "Doe");
const firstName: string = winner.0;
const lastName: string = winner.1;
| |Types|`type age is int`, `type name is string` | |Includes|```#include "library.ligo"```| |Functions (short form)|
function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is
  block { skip } with a + b
| |Functions (long form)|
function add (const a : int ; const b : int) : int is
  block { 
    const result: int = a + b;
  } with result
| | If Statement | 
if age < 16 
then fail("Too young to drive."); 
else const new_id: int = prev_id + 1;
| |Options|
type middleName is option(string);
const middleName : middleName = Some("Foo");
const middleName : middleName = None;
| |Assignment| ```const age: int = 5;```| |Assignment on an existing variable

*⚠️ This feature is not supported at the top-level scope, you can use it e.g. within functions. Works for Records and Maps as well.*| ```age := 18;```, ```p.age := 21``` | |Type Annotations| ```("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx" : address)```| |Variants|
type action is
| Increment of int
| Decrement of int
| |Variant *(pattern)* matching|
const a: action = Increment(5);
case a of
| Increment(n) -> n + 1
| Decrement(n) -> n - 1
end
| |Records|
type person is record
  age: int ;
  name: string ;
end

const john : person = record
  age = 18;
  name = "John Doe";
end

const name: string = john.name;
| |Maps|
type prices is map(nat, tez);

const prices : prices = map
  10n -> 60mutez;
  50n -> 30mutez;
  100n -> 10mutez;
end

const price: option(tez) = prices[50n];

prices[200n] := 5mutez;
| |Contracts & Accounts|
const destinationAddress : address = "tz1...";
const contract : contract(unit) = get_contract(destinationAddress);
| |Transactions|
const payment : operation = transaction(unit, amount, receiver);
| |Exception/Failure|`failwith("Your descriptive error message for the user goes here.")`| |Primitive |Example| |--- |---| |Strings | `"Tezos"`| |Characters | `"t"`| |Integers | `42`, `7`| |Natural numbers | `42n`, `7n`| |Unit| `unit`| |Boolean|
let has_drivers_license: bool = false
let adult: bool = true
| |Boolean Logic|
(not true) = false = (false && true) = (false || false)
| |Mutez (micro tez)| `42mutez`, `7mutez` | |Address | `("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx": address)`, `("KT1JepfBfMSqkQyf9B1ndvURghGsSB8YCLMD": address)`| |Addition |`3 + 4`, `3n + 4n`| |Multiplication & Division| `3 * 4`, `3n * 4n`, `10 / 5`, `10n / 5n`| |Modulo| `10 mod 3`| |Tuples| 
type name = (string * string)
let winner: name = "John", "Doe"
let first_name: string = winner.0
let last_name: string = winner.1
| |Types|`type age = int`, `type name = string` | |Includes|```#include "library.mligo"```| |Functions |
let add (a : int) (b : int) : int = a + b
| | If Statement | 
let new_id: int = if age < 16 
 then failwith("Too young to drive.") 
 else prev_id + 1
| |Options|
type middle_name = string option
let middle_name : middle_name = Some "Foo"
let middle_name : middle_name = None
| |Variable Binding | ```let age: int = 5```| |Type Annotations| ```("tz1KqTpEZ7Yob7QbPE4Hy4Wo8fHG8LhKxZSx" : address)```| |Variants|
type action =
| Increment of int
| Decrement of int
| |Variant *(pattern)* matching|
let a: action = Increment 5
match a with
| Increment n -> n + 1
| Decrement n -> n - 1
| |Records|
type person = {
  age: int ;
  name: string ;
}

let john : person = {
  age = 18;
  name = "John Doe";
}

let name: string = john.name
| |Maps|
type prices = (nat, tez) map

let prices : prices = Map.literal [
  (10n, 60mutez);
  (50n, 30mutez);
  (100n, 10mutez)
]

let price: tez option = Map.find 50n prices

let prices: prices = Map.update 200n 5mutez prices
| |Contracts & Accounts|
let destination_address : address = "tz1..."
let contract : unit contract = 
 Operation.get_contract destination_address
| |Transactions|
let payment : operation = 
 Operation.transaction (unit, receiver, amount)
| |Exception/Failure|`failwith("Your descriptive error message for the user goes here.")`|